Difference Between JPEG and MPEG

- JPEG deals with luma and chroma with different Q table and VLC table. MPEG does Q and VLE independent of luma and chroma.
- JPEG does not standardize these tables the customized table could be transmitted within the stream while MPEG does esp. VLC table is not allowed to be changed by user.
- For VLC, both JPEG and MPEG deal with DC(intra-MB), AC(intra-MB) differently. Meanwhile the VLC structure is different too. For JPEG, (run, size) is coded with VLC while level is coded with minimal bits and the sign could be derived from level code and size. MPEG just does the same thing but combining these triple together with different VLC table and the sign is coded explicitly. The code length would be LUTed by the prefix of each code. They are not compatible with each other.
- MPEG-2 has more precision for DC component: 8-11 bits while JPEG only supports 8 bits. like MPEG-1.
- The syntax elements above slice should be fixed (in general) or variable length coded in MPEG. The elements within and below slice should be variable length coded, esp. in the MB level everything is VLEed, like MV diff, CBP, QP diff, etc.